লালন ফকিরের মাজার

লালন ফকিরের মাজার

Tuesday 10 April 2012

I’M HARUN BAUL SPEAKING (14)


Baul songs are esoteric in nature. Baul gurus reveal the inner meaning of the songs to their respective initiates. Social, religious and environmental metaphors are used in the songs so that the non-initiates to the Bauls esoteric philosophy can also grasp the spirit of the songs.

পাড়ে কে যাবি নবীর নৌকাতে আয়

রপ কাস্থের নৌকা খানি নাই ডুবার ভয়।

বেচারা নাইয়ে যারে

তুফানে যাবে মারা

এক ধাক্কায়। (লালন ফকির)

Pare ke jabi nabir naukate ai.
Rup(ak) kasther e naukakhana nai dubar bhoy.
Beshara naie jare
Tufane jabe mara
eki dhakkai. (Lalon Fakir)

(One who wishes to go across (the river of life), ride on to the boat of the Prophet . The boat is made of metaphoric timber that has no fear of drowning.
Those who are undisciplined boatman will ruin with a single blow).
This song has an esoteric meaning for the Baul initiates, as well as, an exoteric teaching (and forewarning) for othersundisciplined politicians, religious bigots, pundits, bureaucrats, civil society, laity people. Bauls have countless songs that are highly indicative especially to those who are engaged in intellectual and material corruption with regard to religious defamation/reformation, politics, poverty alleviation, mugging, and social and environmental development. Corruption in these areas has exceeded the tolerable level in Bangladesh resulting in socio-natural reprisals.

ঘেরে গঙ্গারে ক্ষ্যাপা হাপুর হাপুর ডুব পারিলে।
অতো মজা যাবে জানা কার্তিকের উলানীর কালে। (লালন ফকির)
Ghere gangere kshapa hapur hupur dub parile.
Ao tho moja jabe jana kartiker ulanir kale. (Laon Fakir).
(An over Indulgence in eroticism results in a loss of longevity).

This song is erotic in nature. Bauls usually sing this song amongst themselves. My guru Aziz Shah Fakir (93) of Choraikole, Kushtia sings this song frequently now a days, publicly. His diction clearly manifests that the guru is besieged by an inner urge to transmit this song to the public, suggesting that an over-indulgence in any worldly thing can lead one to ones end.Avarice begets sin and sin begets death. This implies that a remedy to immoral indulgence must take place as anaturalphenomenon. It is applicable to all (sinners) including those who are engaged in politico-religious, economic and intellectual corruptions. The listeners of this song do not find it hard to relate the gurus discourse to the victims of the RABs (Rapid Action Battalion) cross-fire incidents, killing black-rich by outlawed, frequent robbing of black money and jewellery, and capital punishment to the rapists and political murderers.ill got, ill spent.
A few unaffected or politically biased people though criticise RAB, the majority being affected in one way or another, appear to do the same when miscreants are caught red-handed. General people have lost their trust on the law enforcing agencies. Many people now believe that if a referendum is held on this issue at this point of time, a vast majority would support the practice of RAB and that of the mobs. People conceive this astit for tatin the one hand, and anaturalcourse of transition towards socio-economic sustainability, on the other. The people of Bangladesh are accustomed with such paradox of natural courses. Floods, draughts and river erosion are seen as the natural phenomena that reinforce sustainability of the countrys natural resource-base.
My guru Aziz Shah Fakir often distinguishes between the people with local knowledge and experience and the outsiders - the people without such knowledge and experience. He reveals that the outsiders see natural phenomena of Bangladesh as disastrous, while the locals understand them as the natural renewal processes that revitalise their resource base and trigger peoples spirituality. Timely floods wash away dirt and germs, and that timely droughts energise the soils with nitrogen fixation. Of course, untimely floods and droughts can cause temporary inconveniences for many people, but the timely ones, which occur more frequently, bring benefits that out-weigh the losses. River erosion breaks riverbanks and shoals, but also makes new ones. This gives new vitality to the soil and renews the spirituality of the people of the shoals to live with floods and erosions. The guru sings:

সাঁই আমার কখন খেলে কোন খেলা
জিহবার কি সাধ্য আছে গুনে পড়ে তাই বলা।

Sain amar kokhon khele kon khela.
Jiver ki shaddhya asse, gune pore tai bola. (Lalon)
(What games does my Sain (Lord - nature ) play when, Jiva (creature) has no clue to (fore)tell it applying knowledge?).

Hearing this from the guru, I often think whether Fatemollas pen-shell on politico-religious corruptions isnatural(like Sains play) in its own right. I believe that the Molla will be in a stronger position provided he can come forward with an Islamic political syllabus formulating the politics of theStraight Path, instead of striving to defame the (wrong) politics of Islam. Islam is an organic religious system (unlike an acclesiastical Christianity); it offers regulations for all spheres of life as a religious whole. Islam has a legalistic ethic, though not comparable to the reigning ethics of rights and justice in the West. My guru says that religions have political elements/insights, and political systems have religious contents within. If the Quranic verses are elucidated holistically integrating social, religious, economic, political, environmental and developmental aspects of sustainability, the concept ofStraight Pathcan alone be a global sustainability guideline in the present time of continuing degradation ofeverything.
The current Islamic political systems (perhaps other political systems too) have deviated themselves from the concept of Straight Path. A major religious party of Bangladesh, which has obscured the other minor religious parties, has distracted itself from the religiosity of the masses. That is why most voters of (rural) Bangladesh being religious at heart hesitate to vote for religio-political parties. Most voters ignorantly see other religio-political parties in the mirror of the major one, though they are all different. However, the major Islamic party in context stands against the norms of popular culture (inherent religious proclivity) of the voters. The party talks about the Divine laws, Islamic living systems and the Quranic religiosity (including political aspect of it) without grasping the essence and practical implications of the relevant Quranic verses. The members of the party do not try to learn from the Personages who had/have Islamic wisdom relating to religio-cultural unity in diversity. They hate to visit the personages who practised/have been practising the sustainable lifestyle for ages under the given geo-environmental and socio-cultural conditions of Bangladesh. Most members treat the past personages as dead and (so) powerless. It seems that either they do not understand the meaning of the Quranic declarations (s 2:154, s 3:169) or they do not believe in them. They treat the living personages as fakeVondo, forgetting that fake things do not exist without the existence ofgenuineones. Resultantly, top members of the party remain ever ignorant of the Quranic concept ofShow us the Straight Path - the Path of those on whom Thy have bestowed Thy grace. The Molla can start from this point in order to construct a healthy political road for (Islamic) world.
The rural voters believe that Allah shows theStraight Pathto believers by way of His friends (Aulya)the blessed personages. The Islamic political party members should visit the blessed personages of theStraight Path; rather than following the path of a deceased neo-Islamist leader who is not amongst the personages in context. The voters also know that the followers of the neo-Islamist leadership are not only ignorant about these personages, but they also throw rude words like Murtad/Kafir/Fasiq to Allahs favoured ones. The voters hate to use these words against a fellow Muslim. That is why my guru would suggest for the Molla to focus on the popular (Islamic) culture of our subcontinent concurrently with his Jihad against the neo-Islamic politics. This role would beget the masses believing in popular Islam on his side. One day the deviant religio-political leaderships would be induced to embrace the religious and socio-political teachings of the graced Personages of Islam who our common people seek blessings from, with veneration.
It is clear that the people of Bangladesh is fed up with corruption. They want to rectify this situation by electing a corruption averse religio-political party. The Molla can contribute to fulfil this political longing of our voters by formulating an Islamic political syllabus in accordance with the social, economic and political lifestyle of the indicated personages. Otherwise, his present endeavour to stop a barking dog without a piece of meat in hand may not achieve a positive result. Yet, my guru is pleased with the Molla for his politico-Jihadi initiative, that can be easily (re)directed to benefit Islam, retrieve its latent/forgotten political potentiality, and above allsave our powerless people. I personally believe that if I have the ability to extract honey from the flowers as a honeybee, then why should I play a role of a bumblebee?
Guru Aziz Shah Fakir often thinks about our other pundits who are blessed with pen-forces that could be used for addressing another form of political corruption - the politics of poverty. The guru feels that the current model of poverty alleviation programs are only pushing the country towards unsustainabilitysocial, economic, environmental. With lot of sorrow in his heart the gruru sings:

সমুদ্রের কিনারায় থাকি জল বিনে চাতকি মলো
হায় রে বিধি ওরে তোরে মনে কি ইহাই ছিলো? (লালন)

Samudrer kinarai thaki jol bine chatoki molo

Hai re bidhi o-re bidhi tore mone ki ihai silo? (Lalon)
(Swallows die of thirst while they are near ocean. O the Lord of creation! Has this in your mind?).

My guru is of the opinion that in the presence of so many pundits worldwide our laity masses are not to be allowed to be exploited by a few in politics/belonging to power groups. Some pundits, inspired of removing economic corruption from our country, can come forward with a panacean approach to development, i,e. sustainable development. My guru prophesies that the practice of sustainable development can stop economic corruption just as the sustainable kachcha (mud) roads in rural areas can prevent the robbers using motorised vehicles.
The guru is particularly allergic to the political slogan – ‘poverty alleviation. He asserts that unless the current development programmes such as re-excavation of inland water bodies, literacy for everyone, micro-credit, construction of roads and dams indiscriminately - all in the name of poverty alleviation - can be dropped from the political slogan, corruption will continue, even increasingly. Poverty alleviation is a cheating phrase in itself. For Bangladesh, poverty alleviation is like pumping out water of a waterfall that receives new waters from its sources.
The guru believes that timely re-excavation of silting and drying water bodies are essential; but it must be done for the purpose of holding water in the water bodies through out the year, so that general public can make the developers accountable when things go wrong. Water in the river is a visible entity. Doing water development in the name ofpoverty alleviation’ – an invisible ghostonly facilitates a safe corruption by the politicians and their associates. Likewise, in this age of sharply declining moral values of the power-groups than those of their counterpart - the powerless laity community, the historical/traditional values education at all levels is more relevant than so-called literacy for everyone. Literacy for everyoneanother uncatchable ghost, is a program for making corruption easy.
The guru also claims that micro-credit operation in its present form is detrimental to most of the poor which outweighs its benefits only to a few. The borrowers graduating out of poverty is not clearly observable. The level of poverty have increased rather than decreased. In his opinion, the propagations of some NGOs are also no less harmful to our socio-cultural sustainability than that of the neo-Islamic partys propagation against our popular Islamic culture. In short, micro-credit operations are not performing as expected and consequently, NGOs are increasingly becoming unpopular to our people. Why?
The lack of understanding of the environmental and cultural aspects of poverty is one of the main causes of NGOs failure. NGOs providing micro-credit to their targeted Daridra community cannot also succeed. The termDaridra, signifyinglandless pooris a neo-nomenclature which is used by NGOs. Poverty alleviation programs (PAPs) are dedicated to address this new community only. The other types of poor people such as Ovabi (poverty due to social and/or natural reasons), Vikshuk (beggar), and Fakir (naturalist mystics) are not included in PAPs of NGOs.
My guru asserts that micro-credit in cash money has to fail to generate sufficient profit, though most Daridra with continuing credit facility look solvent on the surface. In reality, most of them are plunged into debt. That is why after 3 decades of micro-credit based PAPs, the number of hardcore poor is still on the increase. The reason is simply because most women Daridra borrow money from the pro-women NGOs like Grameen Bank and most of them give money to their husbands for business. Most husbands incur losses.
The guru also asserts that cash money from NGOs cannot beget maximum profit because the mode of repayment of loan is not designed to utilise the full amount for the agreed period of loan. Loans are generally given to the Daridra for a period of one year or two. Repayment including interest are collected weekly which starts quickly after the disbursement. The NGO fieldworkers strictly adhere to the collection system of weekly repayment. A recipient Daridra must pay the instalments strictly on time. The guru reveals that the Daridra keep a good amount of borrowed money aside to comply with the obligatory weekly repayment. Thus, the Daridra cannot use the whole amount of borrowed money for the loan period. Interest rate is also excessively high.
Why doesnt the guru believe in the task of poverty alleviation itself? The guru suggests that firstly the pundits are required to understand that poverty alleviation for Bangladesh is neither possible due to repeated natural causes, nor it is desirable because of religio-cultural reasons. Secondly, unless the poverty alleviation programs can be re-formulated in view of our cultural and environmental realism, poverty will continue to increase pushing the country toward economic bankruptcyand hence, unsustainability.
My guru sees poverty realistically. He asserts that thoughpovertyis an unpleasant term in western values, in Bangladesh, poverty keeps the poor off from non-essential consumption/consumerism. Moderate poverty is beneficial for socio-economic, spiritual and environmental sustainability. Poverty-like (simple) lifestyle is a sustainability tool for the country where (a) agricultural land is shrinking to cater for the growing housing and industrial accommodation for its increasing population; (b) natural causes like floods and draughts that sweep the country frequently affecting lives and wealth; and (c) river migration that leaves thousands of people homeless destitute each year. In addition, massive corruption as practised by both local and foreign power groups also contribute to relative deprivation, at the macro level.
The guru reveals that there is still a way out for the committed pundits. The way is to redefinepovertyin our own geo-environmental and religio-cultural perspectives. A true poverty is to be considered to occur only when people experience a living below the traditional subsistence level. For example, the nature of rural peoples physical work demands 3 meals per day. When they are unable to procure 3 meals per day, due to the shortage of food grain, money or other exchangeable items, they are in poverty. People also require non-food items and services to maintain their social norms. To acquire them, some sort of income or other means of affordability are required. When they fail to meet those requirements, they are also in poverty. In sum, Bangladesh villagers are in poverty whenever a minimum nutritionally adequate diet plus essential non-food requirements are not affordable.
Temporary un-affordability can happen to many non-poor villagers who find themselves living below the above mentioned poverty line due to floods, droughts, wars, market recession, fires, theft or robbery, personal vendettas, litigation, court case, illness, loss of a family member or livestock, social and marital obligations, to list but a few. Within this complex livelihood framework of village life in Bangladesh, poverty is not eradicable, especially with the present approachesthe guru claims.
Being a born pro-poor Baul Fakir, the guru rather discovers that Bangladeshis have a built-in spirituality to consider themselvespoor(Garib). People instinctively reflect poverty in their spirituality and values. Even rich people humbly designate themselves as 'Garib' when inviting other people to eat at their house. They say or write doya kare ei goriber barite podo dhuli deben ebong dal/saag vath khaben (please come to give dust of your feet at this poor persons place and eat rice with lentils/leafy vegetables). This cultural civility exists throughout Bangladesh. It is not a pejorative in Bangladesh, for affluence or no-poverty for everyone is neither possible due to natural causes as indicated earlier nor culturally desirable, as Bangladesh culture recognises poverty as a pretext for happiness with alittleexcess i.e. solvency (Svassolotha). My guru sings:

চাহিদার বেশী যদি আসে গরীবের ঘটে
তার সুখের উল্লাস ভূবন কানপাই।
আর সেই ধনীর কপাল এতই মন্দ
যে সুখের খোঁজে জীবন দাই - তবু সুখ নাহি পাই।
দুঃখ ছাড়া সুখ, না পাই কে হায়।

Chahidar beshi jodi ashe goriber ghote
Tar shukher ullash bhuban kanpai.
Ar sei dhonir kopal etoi mondo
Je shuker khoje jibon daitobu shukh nahi pai.
Duksha sara sukh, na pai ke hai.
If a poor gets a little more than his/her basic needs,
his/her pleasure shakes the earth.
And unlucky is that rich who craves for happiness,
but never experiences it.
Happiness is unknown to the people without the experience
of sorrow.

The guru also reveals that Ovabis poverty is due to land erosion, bad harvest, indebtedness due to social reasons and natural causes. Thousands of hectares of land are eroded each year resulting in hundreds of thousands of people becoming landless and/or homeless. Climatic conditions can result in bad harvest. Borrowing for agricultural purposes often throws the debtors into poverty. Social obligations such as wedding ceremonial expenses including dowry, the treatment of fatal illness of family member/s, and death ritual expenses also push many households into immediate poverty. Finally, floods, cyclones and droughts, which are common in Bangladesh, can force many people into poverty. My guru considers this poverty as irresistible. Yet, most of the poor of the Ovabi category can recover themselves over a period of time as long as the same situation is not repeated too frequently.
Some poor village widows with young children live by begging. Some disabled people (male and female) also live their lives begging. Some semi-disabled elders beg as a habit of earning an extra income for their family. Still others pursue begging as a means of self-reliance. Due to various circumstances, about 1% of heads of village households support their families by begging and accepting alms. This occupation needs no cash investment. It is socially acceptable for poor widows, the old, the lame, the blind, and the priests. As alms giving in cash or kind is a Muslim religious obligation for non-poor; without beggars and Fakirs, the non-poor cannot perform this socio-religious obligation. Genuine beggars are even invited to visit non-poor households from time to time. Hence, begging cannot be removed.
Fakirs (mystics) poverty is again different and non-eradicable. A Fakir is one who deliberately possesses nothing beyond bare necessities on socio-religious and spiritual grounds. Baul gurus are socially recognised as Fakir. The Gurus live pro-environmental lives; eats no meat, nor eggs; and observe asceticism. The Fakirs who are not yet elderly, they do not even drink milk. My guru has started drinking milk only recently; my guru Ma Laily still does not. Both of them believe milk for every person in Bangladesh is neither necessary, nor sustainable. Only children and elderly people need milk for their growth and longevity respectively. Milk drinking by healthy people between childhood and old age is like pouring water into a jar already full of water. Bangladesh does not have enough lands to grow food for its people as well as to raise cows for everyone to drink milk.
Fakirs are well respected by most people, and jealously disrespected by some of the religious leaders and elite because of the Fakirssocial and religious activism/praxis, which is labelled as heretic. Yet, in the present time of environmental degradation and illiteracy in Bangladesh, the NGOs and the government agencies value the Fakirs as the social and environmental facilitators/mentors/animators. The government of Bangladesh invite the renowned Baul Fakirs to broadcast on radio and television programs relating to environmental ethics, agriculture, fishing, food habits, population control, morality, and literacy/schooling.
Finally, my guru shows a one-way road with 3 lanes towards poverty reduction and prevention. The first laneeradication of corruption - would facilitate fair distribution of public money, goods and services. To reduce all sorts of corruption is the way forward to this lane. In addition to the RABs, mobs and special tribunalperformances, the Prime Minister of the country must declare that s/he is NOT corrupt. This claim of the Prime Minister alone can be the panacea for eradicating corruptions. The second lanepatriotism - would trigger the countrys self-reliant sustainability possibility. A political sloganDeshi panya, kine hao dhanya- be proud of using Bangladeshi productsin conjunction with its practice religiously by the Prime Ministers and elite community home and abroad just for a year or two will tremendously benefit the country. To underpin the second lane to function at the productivity level, all we need is to channel a year or twos development budget to be invested in the rural energy and home-scale industry/productivity sectorthe third lane. In this regard guru Aziz Shah Fakir talks about renewable energy (solar electricity and biogas). Solar electricity will facilitate home-scale Laagsoi prajukti (appropriate technology) to flourish; and biogas will replace biomass use in cooking in the one hand, and sludges from bio-digesters will restore the degrading land fertility, on the other.



Dated 12/04/2005  www.bangladesh-web.com

Md. Amzad Hossain

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